Various wireless network types and architectures, including Ad Hoc, Wi-Fi Direct, mesh networks, Infrastructure Mode, and Centralized wireless architecture (split MAC), offer distinct benefits and are chosen based on specific requirements. Each is perfect for different needs, providing unique advantages for various scenarios.
Ad Hoc Network Overview
An Ad Hoc Network is a decentralized wireless network where a small number of devices (often two) communicate directly with each other without the need for a centralized access point. Its key characteristics include self-organization, flexibility, and ease of deployment.
Devices in an Ad Hoc Network can connect dynamically, making it ideal for scenarios like peer-to-peer file sharing in a remote area where no infrastructure exists. It's advantageous for temporary or spontaneous connections, offering quick setup and adaptability in situations without pre-existing network infrastructure.
Wi-Fi Direct Overview
Wi-Fi Direct is a wireless technology that enables devices to establish direct connections with each other without the need for a traditional wireless access point. It allows peer-to-peer communication, enabling devices like smartphones, tablets, laptops, or other wireless devices to discover and connect quickly and securely.
Wi-Fi Direct creates temporary, ad hoc networks, providing a versatile way for devices to share data, stream content, or collaborate without relying on an existing wireless infrastructure. It is especially useful when internet connectivity may be limited, unreliable, or unnecessary, making it ideal for various applications like file sharing, multiplayer gaming, and printing.
Mesh Network Overview
A wireless mesh network is a type of wireless network that extends network coverage to areas where traditional wired connections are challenging or impractical. APs connect wirelessly to form a mesh in these networks, utilizing resilient and extended wireless network infrastructure. This eliminates the need for extensive Ethernet cabling, which is limited to 100 meters from the ethernet port of the switch.
For example, Cisco's wireless mesh networking solution uses mesh APs equipped with multiple radios. One radio serves client devices within range, while the second is dedicated to backhauling traffic to the wired network. This enables wireless connectivity in areas that are difficult to wire, ensuring that users can access the network even in previously inaccessible locations.
Infrastructure Mode Overview
Infrastructure mode in wireless networking represents a configuration where devices connect to an AP to access a network. In this mode, the AP acts as a bridge between wireless clients and the wired network infrastructure. It broadcasts a wireless signal that clients can detect and connect to.
When a device connects to an AP in infrastructure mode, it communicates through the AP to access network resources such as the internet or local servers. This mode is commonly used in homes, businesses, and public wireless networks where a central AP provides wireless access to multiple devices, allowing them to connect to the network and communicate with each other and external services.
Split MAC Overview
Split MAC architecture in wireless networking represents a design where the wireless functions are divided between two key components: the access point and the wireless LAN controller. In this setup, the AP handles the lower-layer functions, including radio frequency (RF) management, encryption, and decryption. The WLC manages higher-layer functions such as traffic classification, Quality of Service (QoS), and centralized management of multiple APs.
Split MAC architecture allows APs to offload certain tasks to the centralized WLC, enabling more efficient and coordinated network management. This approach streamlines configuration, security, and monitoring, ensuring consistent policies across all APs. It's particularly beneficial for large or complex wireless networks, enhancing scalability, performance, and ease of management.
In split MAC architecture, the WLC and APs communicate via the Control and Provisioning of Wireless Access Points (CAPWAP) protocol. It facilitates the exchange of management, control, and data traffic between the WLC and APs and allows the WLC to centrally manage APs, including configuration, firmware updates, and QoS policies.