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WAN Connectivity Technology Overview

Before connecting to a service provider's network, enterprises must select the type of WAN service they need. WAN networks have evolved significantly, initially relying on telecom infrastructure for voice communication. The Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN) underpinned this infrastructure, predominantly using copper cabling for local loops. In the late 1990s, the internet's growth spurred investments in optical fiber global networks, which now replace copper networks, extending to user homes. WANs comprise different geographical elements:

  • Local-Loop/Last-Mile Network: Connects end users to service providers, transitioning from copper to optical fiber.
  • Backhaul Networks: Link service provider access nodes, spanning municipalities or entire regions, using optical fiber or microwave links.
  • Backbone Network: Interconnects service providers globally via high-capacity networks, mainly optical fiber-based, creating redundancy for robust connectivity.

Understanding these WAN elements helps organizations optimize connectivity choices for cost-effective and efficient network solutions.